| Hai Phong Thành phố Hải Phòng |
|
|---|---|
| — Centrally-governed city — | |
| Lady Le Chan – The semi-mythical founder of Hai Phong | |
| Provincial location in Vietnam | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Vietnam |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,507.57 km2 (582.1 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 1,884,685 (3rd in Vietnam) |
| Website | www.haiphong.gov.vn |
, also Haiphong, is the third most populous city in Vietnam. The name means, "coastal defence".
Contents |
Hai Phong was originally founded by Lê Chân, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution against the Chinese led by the Trưng Sisters (Hai Bà Trưng) in the year 43 C.E. The area which is now known as Duong Kinh District was once known as Hai tan Phong thu ("defensive coastal area"), and served as the second capital of the Mac dynasty (1527–1592). At the end of Nguyen Emperor Tu Duc's reign, the headquarters of An Duong District was also moved to Hang Kenh Communal House, which now belongs to Le Chan district.[1]
In 1881, the city was the site of a devastating typhoon which claimed up to 300,000 lives.
Haiphong was one of Vietnam's principal ports and trading centers. When the country was invaded by the French, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina. After World War II, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French, as punishment for the death of three French soldiers. Some sources[2] claim that the French heavy cruiser Suffren bombarded the city, while others claim it was not Suffren but 3 avisos or sloops, supported by Suffren, the ships that bombarded the city and adjacent fields in an aggression that contributed to the start of the First Indochina War.[3][4] French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy invaded the city and fought house to house with support from armored units and jet fighters.[5]
Later, in the Vietnam War, Hai Phong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam's only major port. After the war, the city recovered and became a significant industrial center.[1] Today, its port serves the entire northern region of Vietnam, and has managed to attract large foreign direct investment that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 10% per annum over the last decade.
Haiphong is the third largest city in Vietnam, with an area of 1,507.57 km² and a population of 1,884,685 according to the 2009 census.[6] Women make up 50.4% of Haiphong's population.[7]
As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live births per 1000 persons; the crude death rate was measured at 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. The infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above the nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's immigration and emigration rates were measured at 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively, for a net migration rate of 0.9%.[7]
Hai Phong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cam River, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi. It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quang Ninh province to the north, Hai Duong province to the west, Thai Binh province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, located in the Gulf, is also administered as part of the city. The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air.
Hai Phong features a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is noticeably wetter from April through October. In fact about roughly 90% of the city’s annual precipitation (which is approximately 1600 mm of rainfall) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city’s winters and summers. Hai Phong’s coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 14 degrees Celsius. Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 26 degrees Celsius.
| Climate data for Hai Phong | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 20 (68) |
20 (68) |
23 (73) |
28 (82) |
32 (90) |
33 (91) |
33 (91) |
32 (90) |
31 (88) |
29 (84) |
25 (77) |
22 (72) |
27 (81.2) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 13 (55) |
15 (59) |
18 (64) |
21 (70) |
24 (75) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
26 (79) |
24 (75) |
22 (72) |
18 (64) |
15 (59) |
20.7 (69.2) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 26 (1.02) |
30 (1.18) |
42 (1.65) |
91 (3.58) |
170 (6.69) |
242 (9.53) |
260 (10.24) |
305 (12.01) |
209 (8.23) |
121 (4.76) |
57 (2.24) |
24 (0.94) |
1,577 (62.09) |
| Avg. rainy days | 10 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 147 |
| Sunshine hours | 93 | 56 | 93 | 120 | 186 | 210 | 217 | 186 | 180 | 186 | 150 | 124 | 1,801 |
| Source: World Climate Guide | |||||||||||||
Haiphong is a famous city in the North of VietNam with many coastlines named Do Son, Cat Ba, Cat Co, Dao Khi,... Doson Casino is also a tourist attraction place.
Resently, in Hai Phong, a resort has just been onpened. It is "Hon Dau" resort on the coast of Do Son. This resort is also the first resort in North Vietnam which has 4 to 5 four star hotels have been building. Beside that there are some interesting places there like the biggest pool in southest Asia, a casino for foreigner only, a mountain with Da Lat small view,....
Beside this, in Cat Ba Island – 25 kilometters from the city central- there is also a resort named Cat Ba Amatina . This was located on the coast of Tung Thu beach and near the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve . In this resort there are 3 to 7 hotels from 3 to 5 stars and 50 villas which have been building since June 2010. Restaurans, parks and markets are also be building there. It could be a good place to spend your holiday with your friends and family.
By Land
Haiphong is located near the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Dinh and connecting with National Highway 1A at Ninh Binh. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's downtown area all the way to the coast. There is also a connecting road from route 5 to route 18 which connects Hai Phong and Quang Ninh province. There are several coach stations, such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao.
By sea
Hai Phong port is one of the two biggest ports in Vietnam. It is also listed in one of the most important port in the Southeast Asia. The Port of Haiphong is divided into three main terminals: Hoang Dieu terminal (Central terminal), located near the city's center; Chua Ve terminal, and Dinh Vu Terminal, both on the eastern side of town. All three terminals are located on the banks of the Cam River.[8] Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cat Hai and Cat Ba Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the downtown area, while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. Recently, the government of Vietnam has approved the plan about building an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the city central. This will be one of the biggest port in Vietnam whose depth is about −14m which can receive 50000 to 100000 DWT ships.
By train
Hai Phong Railway Station, established in 1902, is the eastern terminus of the Hanoi–Hai Phong railway line, also known as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway. Built at the initiative of the French during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming in China's Yunnan province, although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong is still possible, with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network possible via Hanoi. Besides this, there are lots of railway roads in the whole city to served the requirement of moving goods out of and into ports.
By air
The main airport serving Hai Phong is Cat Bi International Airport, with three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. Recently, in April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines has just opened a new flight which connects Hai Phong and Da Nang with 5 flights a week. According to the plan of Vietnam government, there will be an international airport in Hai Phong which is located in Tien Lang district. This is planned to be the biggest airport in North Vietnam.
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| Hai Duong province | Quang Ninh province | |||
| Hai Phong | ||||
| Thai Binh province | Gulf of Tonkin |
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